Motive-power system.



A. WILSTAM.

MOTIVE POWER SYSTEM.

APPLICATION mum AUG. 10, 1909.

Patented Aug. 30, 1910.

IIVVEIVTOR WITNESSES:

UNITED :sTA'rEs PATENT OFFICE.

ALFRED WILSTAM, or Los ANGELES, CALIFORNIA.

MOTIVE-POWER SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed August 10, 1909. Serial No. 512,256. I

To all whom it may concern." 4

Be it known that I, ALI-RED WILSTAM, a citizen of the United States,residing in the city and county of Los Angeles, State of California,have invented a new and Improved Motive-Power System, of which thefollowing is a specification.

My invention relates to a motive power system using steam as the primarymotive medium, into which through injective action, hot gases ofcombustion and atmospheric air are combined, to give added heat,expansion qualities and volume to the work ing medium.

In steam turbine systems, the thermodynamic energy is converted intomechanical work by setting free, through combustion, the heat energycontained in certain fuel by burning same under a boiler, and conductingthat part of the heat which is not lost in the combustion gases, to thewater in the boiler, thus giving to the water molecules or particles, aswifter motion, thereby causing a stron repelling action, which changesthe mass from its liquid to a gaseous state, in which changed conditionit enters the steam turbine, whose function it is to convert as much aspossible of the heat energy contained in'the gaseous fluid, into usefulmechanical work, while that which is not turned into work is carried offin the exhaust, keeping the latter in a gaseous state.

The loss of heat energy due to the wasting of hot combustion gasesthrough the chimney, and the loss through the carrying away of heat inthe exhaust steam, are the two principal causes for inefficiency in asteam turbine system.

The principal object of my invention is to perfect a motive power systemin which the two main losses referred to are eliminated, and also toprovide means whereby a single stage turbine, in my motive power system,may be efliciently run at a moderate speed.

The principal working action of this system may be briefly stated asfollows: In a suitable furnace (not shown) connected to a steamgenerator of boiler, a certain fuel is burned so as to produce nearlysmokeless combustion gases, during the process of which a part of theheat energy set free, is conducted from the combustion gases to thewater in the steam generator for generating steam at a high pressure,which is conducted through a superheater surrounding a conical fluenozzle col'nmunicating with the chimney flue and carrying the hotcombustion gases, so that when the hot combustion gases throughinjective action, as will be explained later, are drawn through saidflue nozzle, heat will be conducted from the combustion gases throughthe wall of the nozzle into the superheater, so as to highly superheatthe steam, which then is conducted to an expansion reheating nozzle,located in the center of the flue nozzle so as to injectively act on thecombustion gases, causing them to accumulate and form a hot, movablemass passing through the central cone-shaped'fiue nozzle or inner casingof the superheater, and as these gases have a higher temperature thanthe steam, a part of the surplus heat from them conducts through theinner wall of the superheater into the steam, :as has already beenreferred to, and another part of the heat will be caught by theexpansionreheating nozzle, above referred to, and conducted to the steamduring the act of expansion within the nozzle, thereby not onlypreventing condensation in the nozzle and consequent friction loss, butactually superheating the expanded steam several degrees, causingthereby an increase in the volume which under the condition stated,gives an added velocity to the outflowing steam jet, which is thencaused to inj ectively act on the combustion gases, forcing the latterthrough a second nozzle where the steam and combustion gases form a jetof high velocity and temperature which in its passage to a third nozzleinjects into the path of action the remaining part of combustion gases,after which the heat-chargedgaseous jet under high velocity, passesthrough a succession of nozzles or an injector battery, which is exposedto the open air so that a certain amount of air may be injected into thepath of action, whereby the kinetic energy in the gaseous jet may bedistributed over a larger body, thereby adding weight or momentum to theswift moving mass, with a consequent reduction in velocity, whichvelocity, if there were no frictional or other losses, would be, equalto the velocity of the hot gaseous jet before injecting the air, dividedby the square root of the number of times it is diluted by the injectedair. For example; assuming the velocity of the gaseous jet before itinjectively acts upon the air, to

Patented Aug. 30," 1910.

be 2400 feet per second, and'designate that velocity with the letter V,and assume fur ther that the gaseous jet had been increased through theinjection of air 9 times in weight, and designate the increase by theletter N, and if the final veloclty of the gaseous jet after theinjection of the air be designated V then V 2400 V, If}? 800 feet persecond,

This invention relates more particularly to motive power systems of thekind described by Patent No. 940,769 and granted to me on the 23rd dayof November, 1909, and comprises the following improvements: First, thefirst nozzle in the injector system through which the superheated steamfrom the superheater under high pressure issues and expands to nearlyatmospheric pressure, converting thereby its potential energy intokinetic and the consequent drop in tem perature of say from 400 deg. to225 deg, is provided with reheating ribs or projections for catching theheat from the injected combustion gases and conducting same to thecentral expansion opening for supplying heat in the very act ofexpansion, thereby increasing the volume due to heat added and causingan increased acceleration in the velocity of the escaping steam indirect pro portion to the amount of heat units added. 2nd. Theemployment of more than one central nozzle for the injection ofcombustion gases. 3rd. The method of forming an injective nozzle throughthe employment of a pair of cone shaped concentric rings, one placedoutside the other and connected together so as to form an annular nozzleof large capacity with a comparatively short length as a whole, butstill maintaining such relation between width and length of theinjection chamber, so as to produce an efiicient nozzle with goodinjective and directive qualities. 4th. The method of maintaining anearly equal cross section area through the guide vanes in the intake ofthe turbine motor, by increasing the height of the delivery side of thevanes in an inverse proportion as the channel or nozzles are diminishedin width, due to the bending 6th. The method of employing a guard bellat the exhausting end of the turbine to protect the moving part of sameand at the same time performing the function of a deflector to deflect apart of the exhausted aeriform fluid back into the heart-like inclosureto be again taken up into the injective path, while the steam in theaeriform fluid on account of its lowered temperature and the whirl inthe deflector will become liquidized and by the centrifugal actionthrown toward the walls of the deflector and drawn off by a drain andmay again be fed to the boiler to complete the steam circuit, while thereater part of the exhausted aeriform fluid fli'om the turbine will passby the inner openings between the arms of the deflector bell direct outinto the atmosphere.

The invention consists in the combination and details of constructiondescribed and claimed, and illustrated in the accompanying drawingsforming a part of the specification, in which Figure l is an end viewshowing a flanged portion of the superheater and injector device, andFig. 2, a longitudinal section through aforesaid flange with thereheating expansion nozzle and the second nozzle attached, and Fig. 3 isa cross section of the reheating expansion nozzle through the line 11-66Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is mainly a longitudinal section showing the generalassembling of the different parts constituting the system, and Fig. 5 isa side elevation showing approximately the shape of the guide vanesbefore bending, and Fig. 6 is a part section through the conicalnozzles, vanes and turbine rotor, and Fig. 7 is a developed sectionalplan through the vanes, illustrating by arrows, the passage of thefluid; and Fig. 8 is a part end view of the turbine rotor.

The characters of reference denote like and corresponding parts in eachof the several figures of the drawing.

Referring to the drawing; 1 designates a steam generator or boilerhaving a flue 2 for carrying the hot gases of combustion, which flue isprovided with an opening 3 for conveying out the products of combustionbefore starting up the injector system. To the end of the flue isattached, as shown in detail, Figs. 1 and 2, a flange 4, having aflanged portion 6, bolted to the flue and to the outer concentricsuperheater casing 7,

. 10, through the opening in and also a cylindrical portion 0, to whichis connected the inner superheater casing 9, from which portion arm-likeprojectlons d,

extend inward terminating in a hub e, to'

which is connected the reheating-expansion nozzle 10, having a centralbody f from which are rojected. the heat con uctlng strips 9, and havinga central nozzle openlng whose internal area gradually increases to itsoutlet, as shown in Fig. 4, or whose internal area gradually increasesto a point h, then remains straight to the outlet as shown in detail,Fig. ,2. To reheating expansion nozzle 10 is attached the second nozzle12; casing 7, is joined 'to shown, and forms the annular superheaterchamber 8, which communicates with the steam generator 1 through pipe 5and reguthe outer superheater lating valve 6 as shown, and alsocommunicates with the reheating expansion nozzle arms d, in flange 4,and is provided with a drain 11. To the inner casing 9, is joined thenozzle 13, which by connecting piece 14, is connected to the divergingnozzle 15, having a central dlverging cone-shaped part 16, connected tothe outer part through ajsuiticient number of tubular separating pieces9', held in place by bolts as shown in Fig. 6. A cone-shaped nozzle K,is formed between the outer coneshaped concentric ring 17, having itslower edges slightly flared outward and the inner concentric ring 18,having its lower edges flared inwardly and connected to the outer by asuitable number of tubular separating pieces held in place by bolts asshown, and connected to the inner casing of turbine intake 20, by asufficient number of suitable connecting pieces m, as shown in Fig. 6.Said inner casing is connected to the outer casing 19, by a number oftubular connecting pleces held in place by bolts as shown in Fig. 6, andforms an annular space n, constituting the intake of the turbine. Theexit or delivering side of said intake incloses the guide vanes 26,which are fastened to the inner casing 20, by a screw 0, in a bendprojection 39, of the vane and by another projection 9, locked into theslot 1', in the edge part of the inner casing as shown in Fig. 5 andFig. 7. The rotating vanes 27, are of the same kind and fastened to therotor 23, in a similar manner described in Patent No.- me on the 15thday of June 1909, but the spider part of the rotor is here different, asshown, having arms of such cross'section, so as to act in a fan-likemanner in permitting to pass, or clrivin the required amount of air orgaseous fiuld into the heart-like inclosure inside of the conicalnozzles, for the purpose of being injected into the injection path insaid conical nozzles from the inner s1 e.

as shown and y on'eor more strips z,

the inner casmg 9, as-

925,065, granted to A hearing stand 22, carries the shaft 24, to whichthe rotor 23, is keyed, also the driving pinion 25, and centered arounda bearing. on the bearing stand 22, and connected as shown, to the outerturbine casing 19, is a bell-shaped guard bell or deflector 21, asshown, whose function is: 1st. As a guard to protect the turbine rotor.2nd. As a receiver to receive the exhaust coming from the turbine. 3rd.As a deflector to deflect the exhaust in an inward direction so that itmay come within-the fanning action of the arms in the rotor, that acertain part of same may be usedoveragain by being drawn intothe-heart-like inclosure within the conical nozzles, the exhaust escapesinto the atmosphere around the inner edge of the guard bell ordeflector. 4th. As a separator to separate the li uidized steam carriedin the gaseous jet, w ich by the low temperature at .this stage, and thewhirling and inward turning actlon at this POlIlilWlll trifugal actionthe heavier water particles to be thrown outward to the walls of thebell, where water will be formed and subsequently drawn off by thedrain, 28, placed at the bottom of same.

In the foregoing specification, only such parts have been shown anddescribed as are thought to be important and necessary for the completeunderstanding of my motive power system, but as the requirements imposedon the system as a whole will naturally vary, so may the detailedconstruction and arrangement vary, particularly so with the differentnozzles in the injector battery, and I desire it to be understood thatvarious departures may be made from the forms of detailed constructionherein shown and described, without departing from the spirit of myinvention.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new in amotive power system of the class described, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, is

l. A motive power system of the class describe comprising in itscombinations a reheating nozzle communicating with a source of steam andprovided on its exterior with heat conducting projections, and so placedin a passage of hot combustion gases that heat from said gases will becaught by said projections and conducted to the interior of said nozzleto supply heat to the steam within said nozzle in the act of expansion,for the purpose of further accelerating the velocity of the passingsteam through same, substantially as described and shown and for thepurpose set forth.

2. A motive power system of the class described, comprising in itscombinations a reheatingexpansion nozzle placed in a source of hotcombustion gases, said nozzle cause through cenhaving an internal nozzleopening or channel w ose cross section areas gradually increase from itsinlet end a certain distance toward, or to the outlet, substantially asdescribed and shown and for the purpose set forth.

3. A motive power system of the class described comprising in itscombinations of annular injectlve nozzles, each of said annular nozzlesbeing made up from a air of conical disks or rings of difi'erent size,one placed outside the other, and connected together so as to form asingle annular nozzle from the space between said connected disks orrings substantially as described and shown in the drawing and for thepurpose set forth.

4. A motive power system of the class described, comprising in itscombinations a turbine having an intake and an injectorbattery discharing into said intake, which intake has gui e vanes whose heights areincreased from the inlet end toward the exit spa-72a tially as describedand shown in the drawing and for the purpose set forth.

5. A motive power system of the class described, comprising in itscombinations a turbine havin a rotor with arms radiating from a centrehub, said arms having a suitable cross-section whose longitudlnal orlongest axis-is set at a certain an le in reference to the rotativedirection 0 the rotor, so that the arms will have a fanning action whenin motion, substantially as described and shown and for the purpose setforth.

6. A motive power system of the class described, comprising in itscombinations a turbine having an outer casing and provided with a guardhell or deflector at itsexhaust end, said uard hell or deflector havinga bell shapeE body connected to the outer casing of said turbine and soarranged that it confronts the exhaust coming from said turbine, andadapted for deflectin or conducting said exhaust gases towar the centerof said turbine, and provided with a drain for the liquefied exhauststeam, substantially as described and shown and for the purpose setforth.

A. WILSTAM.

Witnesses:

Enw. A. W'Es'rBERo, J. C. Forums,

